Semester | Mand. | Option | Filières |
MA1, MA3 | x | M |
Lecture | 2 weekly |
Study plan | Semester | Mand. | Option | Filières |
Architecture 2018-19 | MA1 | x | M | |
Architecture 2018-19 | MA3 | x | M |
Cursus | Sem. | Type |
---|---|---|
Architecture | MA1, MA3 | Opt. |
The term urban and the neologism urbanization were introduced in the 19th century in order to address the all-encompassing spatial process through which society reproduces itself. Yet the urban, whose political nature is seldom questioned, casts a long shadow and includes millennia of city making.
The study of urban form focuses on the way both city and territory are physically constructed. Central to the study of urban form is the question of form understood as the concrete organization of physical entities. In this course we will maintain that form is always a product of political forces: no matter how intangible or elusive these forces are, they always leave concrete traces on the ground. City elements such as houses, roads, squares, parks, gardens, bridges, monuments, and infrastructure can be considered as forensic clues in order to understand and map power relationships at play in a specific historical moment. From the perspective of urban form, those city elements can be assumed as what reveals the nomos of the city. The word nomos comes from the Greek nemein which means ‘organization’ but also ‘orientation’. Every society implies a form of organization and orientation whose politics are inevitably reflected in the way the physical environment is constructed.
To decipher the nomos of the city is to learn how the physicality of the city reveals the power relationships that have produced it. The city is thus the most important historical index of these relationships and its close reading raises the most fundamental questions about city and its architecture: who builds a city? Who inhabits a city? And above all what is the ultimate purpose of a city?
The seminar will thus introduce each case study by paralleling the close reading of specific urban artifacts with an introduction to historical conditions that had produced these artifacts. Students will be trained to carefully look at and describe the city through the concreteness of its architecture. They will look at plans, drawings, paintings, photographs, and texts.
From Ancient Mesopotamia to the Early Islamic city, from workers’ villages in Ancient Egypt to the Poleis of Ancient Greece, from Classicist architecture in 17th century Paris to the single family cottage of the American suburbia, from the development of the medieval Bastides to the Squatters of 1970s Europe, we will research the relationship between urban form, architectural history and political thinking.
Course Sessions
Session 1 - From Circle to Rectangle
Early Human Settlements and the Rise of Domestication
Session 2 - How we Became Urban
Early Cities of Near East and Indus Valley
Session 3 - City of Work
Urbanism in Ancient Egypt
Session 4 - From Oikos to Polis
The architecture of the Ancient Greek Polis: Zagora, Athens, Piraeus, Olynthus
Session 5 - Conquest and Domestication
The making an Urban Empire from Territory to the Domus
Session 6 - Division and Multiplication
The Architecture of the Ancient Chinese City
Session 7 - Towns and Territories
From the French Bastides to Early Colonial Towns in Asia and the Americas
Session 8 - From Garden to Medina
The architecture of the Early Islamic City
Session 9 - From State to Capital
Urban Development in 16th Century Rome, 17th century Paris and 18th century London
Session 10 - Territory and Enclosure
Primitive accumulation from the ‘English Enclosures’ to the Jeffersonian Grid.
Session 11 - Production and Reproduction
Housing and the Rise of Industrial Labor in Europe and England.
Session 12 - Society as a Factory
Struggles in the Post-Fordist City, from Squatting to Gentrification
Personal work during the semester, reading of texts, personal study of a theme.
Personal work during the semester, presented and discussed during an oral exam.
· Jerry D. Moore, The Prehistory of Home (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2012), 23-55.
· Kent V. Flannery, “The Origins of the Village Revisited: From Nuclear to Extended Households”, in American Antiquity Vol. 67, No. 3 (Jul., 2002): 417-433.
· Richard Bradley, “A Life Less Ordinary: The Ritualization of the Domestic Sphere in Later Prehistoric Europe,” Cambridge Archaeological Journal 13, no. 1 (2003): 5–23.
· David Wengrow, “‘The Changing Face of Clay’: Continuity and Change in the Transition from Village to Urban Life in the Near East,” Antiquity 72, no. 278 (December 1998): 783–95.
· Lewis Mumford, ‘Sanctuary, Village, Fortress’, in The City in History (New York: Harcourt 1961), 12-43.
· Mario Liverani The Near East. History, Society and Economy (Lonon and New York: Routledge, 2014), 34-80.
· Mario Liverani, Uruk, The First City (Sheffield UK: Equinox Publishing, 2006).
· Rita P. Wright, The Ancient Indus: Urbanism, Economy and Society (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 106-144.
· Alexandra Coucouzeli, “From Megaron to Oikos at Zagora,” in British School at Athens Studies 15 (2007): 169–181.
· Bradley A. Ault, “Oikos Kalos: The Environmental Logic of the Greek Urban House Forms,” in Housing and Habitat in the Ancient Mediterranean: Cultural and Environmental Responses, ed. Andrea di Castro, Colin A. Hope and Bruce E. Parr (Leuven: Peeters, 2015), 123–31.
· Nicholas Cahill, “Olynthus and Greek Town Planning”, in The Classical World 93, no. 5 (Summer 2000): 497–515; Nicholas Cahill, Household and City Organization at Olynthus (New York: Yale University Press, 2002).
· Robert Garland, The Piraeus (Duckworth: London, 1987).
· Luigi Mazza, “Plan and Constitution: Aristotle’s Hippodamus: Towards and Ostensive Definition of Spatial Planning”, in The Town Planning Review
· Vol. 80, No. 2 (2009): 113-141.
· Kathrin Lomas, “The Idea of a City: Elite, Ideology and the Evolution of Urban Form in Italy 200BC – 100AD”, in Helen Parkins (ed.) Roman Urbanism: Beyond the Consumer City (Routledge: London, 2011), 21-41.
· Neville Morley, “Cities in Context: Urban Systems in Roman Italy”, in Helen Parkins (ed.) Roman Urbanism: Beyond the Consumer City (Routledge: London, 2011), 42-58.
· Various Authors, Misurare la Terra: Centuriazione e Coloni nel Mondo Romano (Modena: Franco Cosimo Panini, 1985).
· O. A. W. Dilke, “The Roman Surveyors”, in Greece & Rome Vol. 9, No. 2 (Oct., 1962): 170-180.
· Joseph Rykwert, The Idea of a Town: The Anthropology of Urban Form in Rome, Italy and the Ancient World (London: Faber and Faber, 2011).
· Andrew Wallace-Hadrill, “The Social Structure of the Roman House,” in Papers of the British School in Rome 56 (1988): 43–97.
· Shelley Hales, The Roman House and Social Identity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 1–8.
· Jing Qiao, “Power and the Sacred: The Confucian Origins of Chinese Urban Space”, in Pier Vittorio Aureli, Maria Shéhérazade Giudici (eds.), Rituals and Walls: The Architecture of Sacred Space (London: Architectural Association, 2016).
· He Yeju, Chinese Imperial City Planning History (Beijing: China Architecture and Building Press, 1996), 11-34.
· Nancy Shatzman Steinhardt, Chinese Imperial City (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1990), 34-56.
· James Bentley Fort Towns of France: The Bastides of the Dordogne and Aquitaine (London: Tauris Parke, 1994), 12-46.
· Adrian Randolph, "The Bastides of southwest France" The Art Bulletin 77.2 (June 1995): 290–307.
· John W. Reps, Town Planning in Frontier America (Princeton: Princeton: University Press, 1969), 3-106.
· Sebastiano Serlio, Castramentation of the Romans, in Vaugan Hart, Peter Hicks (editors) Sebastiano Serlio on Architecture, Volume 2 (New York: Yale University Press, 2001), 388-458
· Michel Foucault, Security, Territory, Population. Lectures at the College de France, 1977-78 (New York: Palgrave, 2007), 1-29.
· K A C Creswell, Early Muslim Architecture, Vol. 1 (New York: Hacker Art Books, 1979), 8-27.
· Hamed Khosravi, Camp of Faith, On the Islamic Political Theology and Urban From. In: Pier Vittorio Aureli (ed.), The City as a Project (Berlin: Ruby Press, 2013), 70-100.
· Hamed Khosravi, ‘Inhabitable Walls: The Genealogy of Islamic Space’ in Pier Vittorio Aureli, Maria Shéhérazade Giudici (eds.), Rituals and Walls: The Architecture of Sacred Space (London: AA Publications, 2016).
· Kazim al-Janabi, An Outline of the Planning of the city of Kufa (Baghdad: Dar al-Jumhuriyah, 1967), 3-25.
· Mafredo Tafuri, “Jugum Meum Soave Est: Architecture and Myth in the Era of Leon X” in Interpreting the Renaissance: Princes, Cities, Architecture (London, New York: Yale University Press: London, 2006), 99-156.
· Hilary Ballon, The Paris of Henry IV (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1991).
· Maria Shéhérazade Giudici, “Specific Spaces: Government and the Emergence of architecture d’accompagnement, 1584-1765” in Pier Vittorio Aureli (ed.), The City as a Project (Berlin: Ruby Press, 2014).
· John Summerson, Georgian London (Yale University Press: London, New York, 2003).
· Rachel Stewart, The Town House in Geogian London (London: Paul Mellon Centre, 2009).
· Karl Marx, “Section 1. The Two Factors of a Commodity: Use-Value and Value” in: Idem, Capital (London: Penguin, 1992), 125-130.
· Karl Marx “Part Eight: So-Called Primitive Accumulation”. In Karl Marx, Capital Volume 1, (London: Penguin, 1992), 873-942.
· Michael Perelman, The Invention of Capitalism: Classical Political Economy and the Secret History of Primitive Accumulation. (Durham: Duke University Press, 2000).
· Gary Fields, “Land into Property: Enclosure, Land Improvement and Making Property on the English Landscape” in: Enclosure: Palestinian Landscapes in a Historical Mirror (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2017), 23-91.
· William David Pattison, Beginning of the American Rectangular Land Survey System, 1784-1800 (Chicago: The University of Chicago 1967).
· Michaela Friedberg, “The (False) Dissolution of Territory” in Arch+ ‘The Property Issue’, 2018: 200-207.
· Michael McKeon, A Secret History of Domesticity (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 2006).
· George Teyssot, “The Disease of Domicile” in Assemblage no.6 (June 1988): 72-97.
· Gwendolyn Wright, Building the Dream: A Social History of Housing in America (Cambridge MA: The MIT Press, 1983), 23-55.
· Lindy Biggs, The Rational Factory: Architecture, Technology and Work in America’s Age of Mass Production (Baltimore and London: The John Hopkins University Press, 1996), 10-39.
· This session will look as the urban transformations of the last fifty years in light of class struggles that marked the passage from the industrial metropolis to the ‘Post-fordist’ City.
· Mario Tronti, “La Società e la Fabbrica” in Operai e Capitale (Turin: Einaudi 1966), 45-67.
· Alberto Battagia, Achille Marotta, Mass Worker and Social Worker: Reflections on the New Class Composition” in: https://notesfrombelow.org/article/mass-worker-and-social-worker
· Archizoom Associates, “No-stop city. Residential Parkings, Climatics Universal System” in Domus 496, March 1971: 49-55.
· Alexander Vasuvedan, The Autonomous City: A History of Urban Squatting (London: Verso 2017).
· David Harvey, “The Art of Rent: Globalization, Monopoly and The Commodification of Culture” in Spatial register Vol. 38, 2002: 93-110.
· Nik Theodore, Jamie Peck, Neil Brenner, “Cities and the Rule of Market”, in Gary Bridge, Sophie Watson (eds.), The New Blackwell Companion to the City (Blackwell: London, 2012), 23-44.
optionnel
optionnel
Cours
Lecture
Heure(s) hebdo x 12 semaines
Hour(s) per week x 12 weeks
H hebdo
H hebdo
Oral
Oral
Session hiver
Session winter
HIV
HIV
optionnel
optionnel
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Heure(s) hebdo x 12 semaines
Hour(s) per week x 12 weeks
H hebdo
H hebdo
Oral
Oral
Session hiver
Session winter
HIV
HIV
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[gamma]
Balise_fin
FO_debut
[inline]=γ
FO_fin
HTML_debut
γ
HTML_fin
JS_debut
\x26#947;
JS_fin
CODE68200031
BOOLEAN_Symbol
1
BaliseJS_debut
\x5bGAMMA\x5d
BaliseJS_fin
Balise_debut
[GAMMA]
Balise_fin
FO_debut
[inline]=Γ
FO_fin
HTML_debut
Γ
HTML_fin
JS_debut
\x26#915;
JS_fin
CODE68200077
BOOLEAN_Symbol
1
BaliseJS_debut
\x5bomega\x5d
BaliseJS_fin
Balise_debut
[omega]
Balise_fin
FO_debut
[inline]=ω
FO_fin
HTML_debut
ω
HTML_fin
JS_debut
\x26#969;
JS_fin
CODE68200150
BOOLEAN_Symbol
1
BaliseJS_debut
\x5bOMEGA\x5d
BaliseJS_fin
Balise_debut
[OMEGA]
Balise_fin
FO_debut
[inline]=Ω
FO_fin
HTML_debut
Ω
HTML_fin
JS_debut
\x26#937;
JS_fin
CODE72092691
BOOLEAN_Symbol
BaliseJS_debut
\x5beta\x5d
BaliseJS_fin
Balise_debut
[eta]
Balise_fin
FO_debut
[inline]=η
FO_fin
HTML_debut
η
HTML_fin
JS_debut
\x26#951;
JS_fin
CODE72092805
BOOLEAN_Symbol
BaliseJS_debut
\x5bETA\x5d
BaliseJS_fin
Balise_debut
[ETA]
Balise_fin
FO_debut
[inline]=Η
FO_fin
HTML_debut
Η
HTML_fin
JS_debut
\x26#919;
JS_fin
BALISE_SOULIGNER
BOOLEAN_Symbol
BaliseJS_debut
\x5bu\x5d
BaliseJS_fin
\x5b\x2fu\x5d
Balise_debut
[u]
Balise_fin
[/u]
FO_debut
text-decoration=underline
FO_fin
text-decoration=none
HTML_debut
<u>
HTML_fin
</u>
JS_debut
\x3cu\x3e
JS_fin
\x3c\x2fu\x3e
CODE72092388
BOOLEAN_Symbol
BaliseJS_debut
\x5bpsi\x5d
BaliseJS_fin
Balise_debut
[psi]
Balise_fin
FO_debut
[inline]=ψ
FO_fin
HTML_debut
ψ
HTML_fin
JS_debut
\x26#968;
JS_fin
CODE72092541
BOOLEAN_Symbol
BaliseJS_debut
\x5bPSI\x5d
BaliseJS_fin
Balise_debut
[PSI]
Balise_fin
FO_debut
[inline]=Ψ
FO_fin
HTML_debut
Ψ
HTML_fin
JS_debut
\x26#936;
JS_fin
CODE140502511
BOOLEAN_Symbol
1
BaliseJS_debut
\x5brho\x5d
BaliseJS_fin
Balise_debut
[rho]
Balise_fin
FO_debut
[inline]=ρ
FO_fin
HTML_debut
ρ
HTML_fin
JS_debut
\x26#961;
JS_fin
CODE140504636
BOOLEAN_Symbol
1
BaliseJS_debut
\x5bRHO\x5d
BaliseJS_fin
Balise_debut
[RHO]
Balise_fin
FO_debut
[inline]=Ρ
FO_fin
HTML_debut
Ρ
HTML_fin
JS_debut
\x26#929;
JS_fin
CODE148292791
BOOLEAN_Symbol
BaliseJS_debut
\x5bepsilon\x5d
BaliseJS_fin
Balise_debut
[epsilon]
Balise_fin
FO_debut
[inline]=ε
FO_fin
HTML_debut
ε
HTML_fin
JS_debut
\x26#949;
JS_fin
CODE169976220
BOOLEAN_Symbol
BaliseJS_debut
\x5blig\x5d
BaliseJS_fin
Balise_debut
[lig]
Balise_fin
FO_debut
[inline]=›  
FO_fin
HTML_debut
›  
HTML_fin
JS_debut
\x26#x203A;\x26#160;\x26#160;
JS_fin
CODE148292899
BOOLEAN_Symbol
BaliseJS_debut
\x5bEPSILON\x5d
BaliseJS_fin
Balise_debut
[EPSILON]
Balise_fin
FO_debut
[inline]=Ε
FO_fin
HTML_debut
Ε
HTML_fin
JS_debut
\x26#917;
JS_fin
BALISETXT_SAUT
BOOLEAN_Symbol
BaliseJS_debut
\x5bbr\x2f\x5d
BaliseJS_fin
Balise_debut
[br/]
Balise_fin
FO_debut
FO_fin
HTML_debut
<br/>
HTML_fin
JS_debut
\x3cbr\x2f\x3e
JS_fin