Alongside fast socioeconomic and technological developments, the human population has grown significantly since 1980, from 4.4 to 8 billion in 2022, and its structure or composition has changed, thereby increasing its ecological footprint. The world population got older, better educated, and more than half is concentrated in cities since 2015. This course focuses on the human actors of the resulting change in the built and natural environments. It introduces aspects of population change in cities that are relevant to architects, urban planners, civil and environmental engineers, as well as social scientists.

Students will learn how to identify and draw sociodemographic profiles of urban populations to better serve them. The course puts the people at the heart of the urbanisation process: for how many, where and for whom to build housing and infrastructure and provide public services? Adopting a multiscale spatial perspective, the course offers an overview of theoretical developments and empirical evidence on the demographic dimensions of city growth, the transformation of city hierarchies, the processes of urban concentration, urban sprawl and re-urbanisation, and urban exclusion (segregation/slums). Various questions will be addressed, such as: Why is the majority of future world population growth expected to be concentrated in low- and middle-income countries' cities, despite low levels of fertility? Will cities in high-income countries be at the forefront of the expected world demographic decline? How do people respond in terms of demographic behaviors (i.e. mortality, fertility and migration) to the changes in human development and the environment in cities, and how does population urbanization in turn shape trajectories of sustainable development? The aim is to introduce students to the quantitative data used to characterize city populations and identify human risks and societal capacities of adaptation with respect to changes in the built and natural environments. Opportunities to explore these data are offered in the form of applied research during lab sessions and the writing of a final term paper.

Topics addressed:

Overview of the international trends in urbanisation and population growth in urban areas

Evaluation of theoretical models and the societal determinants of the components of demographic change (mortality, fertility and migration) in cities

Examination of the inequalities in population numbers, trends and socioeconomic composition between and within cities

Discussion of the interactions between population urbanisation, human development and environmental change

Introduction to data sources used to define urban areas and measure changes in population numbers and composition

Population change

Mortality

Fertility

Migration

Urbanisation

City hierarchies

Human development

Climate change

None

• Define the demographic concepts of urbanization and urban growth
• Examine how urban populations change by quantitativelly measuring those changes
• Recognize international diversity in urban demography
• Explain the socioeconomic determinants of change in mortality, fertility and migration in urban areas
• List the channels through which urban population growth, human development and environmental change are related to each and another in a system
• Assess / Evaluate the urbanisation-development interlinkages in two countries of interest

• Take account of the social and human dimensions of the engineering profession.
• Demonstrate the capacity for critical thinking
• Demonstrate a capacity for creativity.
• Access and evaluate appropriate sources of information.
• Make an oral presentation.
• Plan and carry out activities in a way which makes optimal use of available time and other resources.

Lectures, lab sessions, invited talks (external specialists), interaction among students, group work

Weekly compulsory reading

Active participation in the course

Participation in lab sessions and completion of lab assignments

Writing (and oral presentation) of a short research report

The course requires weekly compulsory reading to grasp the key concepts and controversies in the population–urbanisation-development debate, as well as to participate actively in class. The suggested reading provides breadth and depth of the subject matter, and a basis for the conceptual developments and interpretation of the data analysis undertaken in the lab sessions. Students report, discuss and contextualize the results from the lab sessions in a final term paper. Plagiat will lead to the exclusion from EPFL.

Active participation in class (reading list)

Completion of the lab-session assignments,€“ 10% of grade

Oral presentation in class of a quantitative analysis (building on the lab-assignments) of demographic change in cities and its interactions with sustainable development in one or two chosen countries, 30% of grade

Writing of a report of the quantitative analysis presented in class (3000 to 4500 words if single-authorship, 5000 to 8000 words if dual authorship)€, 60% of grade

• https://go.epfl.ch/AR-507https://go.epfl.ch/AR-507